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你是否思考過，為什么你在工作上能夠和其它設(shè)計師很好地合作？也許你們志同道合，不過使你們不那么投機(jī)也同樣可以很好地在一起。在Kaleidoscope（一家美國設(shè)計公司，原文作者現(xiàn)在工作的地方——http://www.kascope.com/），包括我在內(nèi)一些設(shè)計師善于分析和理性思考，而另外一些則是思想奔放喜歡感性的思考。我們是如何相處共存的呢？理性地分析讓我明白不同設(shè)計師之間如何互補，最終讓我意識到一個成功的設(shè)計團(tuán)隊需要有4種關(guān)鍵的成員。

（橫坐標(biāo)右側(cè) 應(yīng)翻譯為 理性思考者）

布道者
（千萬不要理解成喋喋不休的唐僧，而是類似于我們所謂的“精神領(lǐng)袖”類的人物，往往在更大和更高的層面上講述和思考博愛啊家庭啊人類啊之類的話題）
設(shè)計團(tuán)隊沒有一個具有遠(yuǎn)見的領(lǐng)袖，就像一個教堂里沒有牧師。他在最高層面關(guān)注設(shè)計，發(fā)展策略和推動設(shè)計與商業(yè)一體化進(jìn)程。直覺思維使他知道如何把設(shè)計自然而然地融合到龐大的商業(yè)計劃里面。他是從“狂想者”成長起來，所以他熱衷把他帶領(lǐng)負(fù)責(zé)的產(chǎn)品和項目覆蓋范圍盡量擴(kuò)大，并探索更多的可能方向。“布道者”絕不會去做技術(shù)能手，甚至?xí)I(lǐng)導(dǎo)一些在常人眼里看來不可完成的任務(wù)。盡管肩負(fù)眾多挑戰(zhàn)，但往往最終他不但完成了而且達(dá)到了他所期望的真正價值高度。在優(yōu)秀的“布道者”帶領(lǐng)下，團(tuán)隊往往是具有前瞻性，突破性和高創(chuàng)意價值。

樂團(tuán)指揮
（"樂團(tuán)指揮"語義上指的是親歷親為,腳踏實地的實干型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）
作為“布道者”珠聯(lián)璧合的補充，設(shè)計團(tuán)隊需要一個腳踏實地指導(dǎo)完成具體項目的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，條理化的思維幫助她確保任何細(xì)節(jié)都不會出現(xiàn)偏差。就像指揮一個樂團(tuán)，她把各種不同小節(jié)有條不紊地融合貫穿成協(xié)調(diào)的樂章，確保每個音符都經(jīng)得起推敲，絕沒有任何的偏離。她高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)要求，以確保每個項目都是最高質(zhì)量。一些團(tuán)隊往往項目進(jìn)行到95%時已精疲力盡或就此結(jié)束，而“樂團(tuán)指揮”則扮演了推動項目最終順利完成的重要角色。在更多時候，她指導(dǎo)項目進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)，并確保很多容易被人忽視的關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)的到位。她也許希望自己還是個設(shè)計師，努力做到精益求精或者更多的份外工作。她發(fā)揮穩(wěn)定，是切實工作和帶來利益的關(guān)鍵。

狂想者
（pavedow:直譯為夢想家，空想者，指思維活躍熱衷創(chuàng)意的人）
當(dāng)理性思維和變幻無常的設(shè)計需求碰撞的時候，“狂想者”往往可以打破困境，顯示出驚人的創(chuàng)造熱情。他更傾向于相信直覺而避開項目中的技術(shù)限制。優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計團(tuán)隊讓狂想者去天馬行空的頭腦風(fēng)暴是必要的，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品需要有突破或新的方向的時候，他們是最合適的人選。沒有幻想的平淡工作會讓他感到痛苦和易受挫折，所以不要期望他去操作任何細(xì)致繁瑣的工作或者過分技術(shù)要求的工作。他開闊的創(chuàng)意不會最終全部都成為現(xiàn)實產(chǎn)品，但思維活躍者對于建立一個創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境，以及需要創(chuàng)新價值的設(shè)計管理者們至關(guān)重要。

技術(shù)專家
（原文the surgeon——直譯為外科手術(shù)師，特指精湛技藝，思維冷靜的人——明白為啥美國打伊拉克叫做“外科手術(shù)式”的打擊了吧）
無論是想要精湛的美學(xué)還是人機(jī)功學(xué)，如此眾多的優(yōu)秀設(shè)計作品都依賴于各種細(xì)節(jié)工作。一個偉大的團(tuán)隊需要技術(shù)專家——一個善于分析的理性思維者，她善于細(xì)致分解和剖析設(shè)計問題，并找到最好的解決方案。就像她的名字一樣，她把一個物品細(xì)細(xì)拆分開來，認(rèn)真研究每個設(shè)計部分，然后再把它們天衣無縫地重新組裝起來。技術(shù)專家并不總是最好的決策者，因為她不能停止嚴(yán)密的思維邏輯，或者因為項目暫時沒有足夠清晰的定義而不知所措。去解決一個現(xiàn)實的復(fù)雜設(shè)計難題，那么技術(shù)專家將是你在確保一切天衣無縫的最好人選。

全能選手
（空空大師？）
每個團(tuán)隊都有各種技能不同的設(shè)計師，但全能選手可能是辦公室里那個最有才華的人，因為他可以面面俱到。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者一系列的項目，處理各種棘手的難題，同時還有驚人的想法?，F(xiàn)在的畢業(yè)生們很多就是“初級全能選手”，因為當(dāng)他們積累了足夠經(jīng)驗并意識到自己的偉大能量，就可以在多重層面發(fā)揮作用。不要把正真的高人和故弄玄虛的“大師”混淆。在現(xiàn)實中，稀缺的全能高手不一定是團(tuán)隊必須的，但一但擁有，就會知道他的必要性了。[Page]

附英文全文

Four Essential Members of a Great Design Team

Have you ever wondered why you can successfully collaborate with another designer in your office? Maybe you share similar ideas, but there’s also a good chance you’re nothing alike. At Kaleidoscope, some of the designers (including me) are organized and analytical. Others think freely and contextually. How can we coexist? My analytical thinking pushed me to break down and understand how these differences can be complementary. What I ultimately realized is that a successfully diverse design team requires four key members.

The Evangelist
A design team without a visionary leader is like a church without a preacher. The Evangelist focuses on design at the highest level, developing strategies and processes that push the limits of design and business as a whole. Contextual thinking helps him understand how design fits into a larger business plan. As a former Dreamer, he loves to push the boundaries and question assumptions of the products and categories he leads. The Evangelist won’t ever be an operations specialist, and may even lead activities that feel counterproductive to more analytical thinkers. Although possibly his greatest challenge, he will come through in the end and prove that his dreaming offers real business value. With a great Evangelist leading the charge, firms can be proactive, trendsetting, and highly valued for their ideas.

The Conductor
To complement the Evangelist, every design team needs a leader who directs the finishing touches on each project. The Conductor’s analytical mind helps her to ensure that no detail goes unconsidered. Like directing an orchestra, she brings together all the little details into harmony, making sure everything has been figured out and nothing taken for granted. She probably has the highest standards of any designer in the office and ensures that every project is top quality. Often the team doing the first 95% of the work is exhausted or checked out by the end, and the Conductor plays a key role in making the final push to finish the project right. In more corporate roles, she shepherds projects through to production and defends key design details that might otherwise be lost. The Conductor may wish she was still a designer, struggling to find the appropriate level of feedback or adding unnecessary work for her team. At her best, the Conductor is the key to creating consistently solid work that will have clients or consumers coming back for more.

The Dreamer
When analytical minds struggle with paradoxical design constraints, the Dreamer cuts through it all to offer a surprisingly fresh attitude. He avoids the technical boundaries of a project in favor of contextual experimentation. A great design team deploys Dreamers to brainstorms where blue sky thinking is necessary, and keeps them involved when the end product must push category boundaries or create brand new ones. The Dreamer becomes easily frustrated when not allowed to exercise fantasies, so don’t expect him to handle detail-oriented work or anything that is heavily constrained by technical requirements. The wild ideas he contributes won’t always become part of the final product, but the Dreamer is essential in setting the stage for innovation as well as offering an entertainment value to novelty-seeking design managers.[Page]

The Surgeon
Whether it comes down to aesthetic or ergonomic excellence, so many great pieces of design rely on details. A great design team relies on the Surgeon – an analytical thinker who cuts up and dissects design problems to find the best solutions. By definition, she breaks down a product into its components, considering the pieces of design and then reuniting them into a cohesive whole. The Surgeon isn’t always the best decision maker, because she can end up thinking in circles or frustrated by a project’s lack of clarity. When it comes to making sense of complex design problems, a Surgeon is your best bet to make sure nothing falls through the cracks.

The Jack of All Trades (Master of None?)
Every team has designers with diverse skill sets, but the Jack of All Trades might be the most talented person in your office because he can truly do everything. He leads a range of projects, solves tricky problems, and dreams up big ideas. Recent graduates make great “Junior Jacks,” because they can contribute on a variety of levels while they gain experience and become more aware of their greatest strengths. Don’t confuse a real Jack with someone whose strengths are not prevalent or ambiguous. In reality, the rare Jack of All Trades might not be essential to have, but will feel essential to any team that has one.
I hope this helps you make better sense of how you and the people around you fit into a design organization. How well do the designers you know fit into these buckets? How could this concept be stronger? In coming posts, I’ll look at how different combinations of these five members help execute the different strategies that design businesses use.